In most cases, you’ll want to set the setuid bit on files that need to be executed with elevated privileges, such as programs that need to access system files. If the character is set to “S”, it means that the file will be executed with the permissions of the group, regardless of who executes it. If this character is set to “s”, it means that the file will be executed with the permissions of the owner, regardless of who executes it. The last character in each column is known as the “setuid” bit, and it’s this character that we’re interested in. The possible permissions are: r = read w = write x = execute So, in the example above, the owner of the file has read, write, and execute permissions, while the group and others have read and execute permissions. The next three characters in each column indicate the permissions for that entity. The first character in each column (in this case, the “-” character) indicates whether the file is a regular file, a directory, or something else. When you look at the permissions of a file in Linux, you’ll see something like this: -rwxrwxr-x 1 root root 4096 somefile The first column shows the permissions for the owner of the file, the second column shows the permissions for the group, and the third column shows the permissions for others. In this article, we’ll try to shed some light on this topic. Even those who have used Linux for years may not know what the “s” in file permissions represents. Linux file permissions are a bit of a mystery to many people.
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